Trace element composition of peridotites from the southern Mariana forearc： Insights into the geochemical effects of serpentinization and/or seafloor weathering     

汪小妹  曾志刚  刘长华  陈俊兵  殷学博  王晓媛  陈代庚  张国良  李康  陈帅  欧阳荷根 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2009,27(4):985-992

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Trace element and Sm–Nd 'age' zoning in garnets from peridotites of the Caledonian and Variscan Mountains and tectonic implications     

H. K. BRUECKNER  J. BLUSZTAJN  N. BAKUN-CZUBAROW 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1996,14(1):61-73

ABSTRACT Ion probe traverses across garnets from peridotites of the Caledonides of Norway and the Variscides of Poland show zoning patterns for Y, V, Zr, Cr, Ti and the REE. The complexly zoned patterns of garnets from the Bystrzyca Górna peridotite, Poland, are interpreted in terms of a changing P–T history (isobaric cooling followed by decompression and cooling). Weak rimward gradients in REE concentrations in garnets from the Almklovdalen and Sandvika peridotites, Norway, may be relicts of the original growth history of the garnets, but the nearly flat Y, V, Zr, Cr and Ti profiles from the same garnets imply a later period of near-homogenization at uniform P–T. Crushed garnet separates from each body were separated into three or more fractions on the assumption that density and magnetic susceptibility vary with Fe/Mg ratio, and Fe/Mg ratios change from garnet core to rim. Sm-Nd garnet–clinopyroxene ‘ages’ were determined for each fraction to determine whether they are also zoned. Four garnet fractions from the Góry Sowie peridotite give nearly the same ages (397–412 Ma) that are believed to span the interval of garnet growth. Garnet fractions from the Norwegian peridotites define scattered ages (816–1350 Ma) that are suspect, but hint at a Sveconorwegian equilibration event. The data indicate the Variscan and Norwegian peridotites had different histories, despite superficial mineralogical and tectonic similarities. Norwegian garnet peridotites had a long pre-Caledonian history and were extracted from a relatively cold mantle whereas the Variscan garnet peridotites had a comparatively short pre- or Eo-Variscan history and were extracted from a hot mantle.  相似文献   

班公湖MOR型蛇绿岩Re-Os同位素特征对班公湖-怒江特提斯洋裂解时间的制约   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

黄启帅  史仁灯  丁炳华  刘德亮  张晓冉  樊帅权  支霞臣 《岩石矿物学杂志》2012,31(4):465-478

西藏北部班公湖MOR型蛇绿岩主要由角砾状的地幔橄榄岩和玄武岩组成,其中地幔橄榄岩主要是低Cr#尖晶石相含单斜辉石(Cpx)方辉橄榄岩和少量不含Cpx的方辉橄榄岩,玄武岩具有MORB地球化学特点。岩石地球化学特征和二元混合模拟计算表明,含Cpx方辉橄榄岩是由较为亏损的方辉橄榄岩与玄武质熔体发生反应再富集形成的,玄武质熔体和方辉橄榄岩的混合比例为1∶9至1∶4。9个含Cpx方辉橄榄岩样品(含5个重复测试样)的Re和Os含量分别为0.19×10-9~1.49×10-9和2.91×10-9~5.40×10-9,187Re/188Os变化范围为0.169±0.009(2σ)~1.833±0.183(2σ),187Os/188Os变化范围相对较小,介于0.121 13±0.000 44~0.128 53±0.000 36(2σ)之间。含Cpx方辉橄榄岩的Re-Os参考等时线年龄为254±28 Ma。由于不同比例熔体的加入造成橄榄岩具有不同的Re/Os比值,因而不同含Cpx方辉橄榄岩样品具有不同187Os/188Os比值。样品的Re含量与烧失量中的H2O没有相关性,说明蛇纹石化对样品Re-Os体系的影响可以忽略,Re-Os同位素体系在低温地质作用下能够保持相对封闭。参考等时线年龄可能代表亏损方辉橄榄岩与玄武质熔体发生反应的时间,即含Cpx方辉橄榄岩的形成年龄,它表明在该时期特提斯洋经历了一次构造热事件。这一构造岩浆热事件的时间与早期定义的班公湖-怒江特提斯洋的裂解时间晚二叠世至早三叠世较为一致,推测本文MOR型蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩的Re-Os同位素年龄可能代表班公湖-怒江特提斯洋开始裂解的时间。  相似文献   

华北克拉通古老岩石圈地幔及其组成的“逆向演化”   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

路凤香 《中国地质》2010,37(4):1102-1111

华北克拉通古老岩石圈地幔演化过程中有3种深部地质作用最为重要:①岩浆的萃取作用;②不同来源的熔/流体对岩石圈的交代作用;③软流圈及其熔体与岩石圈的相互作用。在蒙阴金伯利岩的捕虏体样品中发现有早晚两期斜方辉石,前者是早期粗粒结构橄榄岩残留的矿物;后者是晚期地幔发生塑性流变后形成的辉石。本文对比了蒙阴和复县两岩区以及南非两种典型结构橄榄岩捕虏体的主、微量元素,发现较晚期的具剪切结构的橄榄岩难熔程度反而低于较早期的具粗粒结构者。粗粒结构的Mg’值都大于0.90(0.902～0.93),Al2O3含量变化于0.22%～2.32%;而具剪切结构者Mg’值都小于0.90(0.86～0.88),Al2O3含量变化于1.69%～2.75%。表明地幔成分演化时不仅存在受第①种作用制约的地幔不断贫瘠/难熔的正向演化,而且还存在受第③种作用制约的地幔由贫瘠转向饱满的"逆向"演化趋势。经粗略对比后,推测在约3Ga的这段地质历史时期内华北克拉通古老岩石圈地幔至少出现过2次岩浆萃取事件和两次"逆向演化"过程。与显生宙的相比,出现在古老岩石圈地幔中的第③种作用规模小,强度低,不均一性更为明显。  相似文献   

Structural characterization of aquatic humic substances – The need for a multiple method approach     

Gudrun?Abbt-BraunEmail author  Ulrich?Lankes  Fritz?H.?Frimmel 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2004,66(2):151-170

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碧溪岭石榴石橄榄岩的橄榄石中针状磁铁矿出溶体成分的不均匀性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵文霞胡育贤  李雪梅廖成竹  杜金菊江丹 《岩石矿物学杂志》2006,25(1):40-44

运用电子探针Map图分析技术在碧溪岭石榴石橄榄岩的橄榄石中发现了磁铁矿针状出溶体成分不均匀的现象，即同一岩石样品的橄榄石中针状出溶体既有前人发现的含钛一铬磁铁矿，也有本文发现的含铬钛磁铁矿和磁铁矿两种针状出溶体。研究认为，针状出溶体成分出现的差异可能是由于Ti和Cr在原始的β-橄榄石相中分布不均匀所致，这种出溶体的出现暗示这些橄榄石可能是由地幔特有的尖晶石结构相转变而成，为确定这些橄榄岩的来源深度和大陆俯冲过程提供了有意义的信息。  相似文献   

Lithospheric Mantle Evolution during Continental Break-Up: The West Iberia Non-Volcanic Passive Margin   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

CHAZOT  GILLES; CHARPENTIER  SOPHIE; KORNPROBST  JACQUES; VANNUCCI  RICCARDO; LUAIS  BEATRICE 《Journal of Petrology》2005,46(12):2527-2568

Ultramafic (lherzolites, metasomatized peridotites, harzburgites,websterites and clinopyroxenites) and mafic igneous (basalts,dolerites, diorites and gabbros) rocks exposed at the sea-flooralong the West Iberia continental margin represent a rare opportunityto study the transition zone between continental and oceaniclithosphere. The igneous rocks are enriched in LREE, unlikeNorth Atlantic MORB. A correlation between their ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Ndisotopic composition and Ce/Yb ratio suggests that they originatefrom mixing between partial melts of a depleted mantle sourcesimilar to DMM and of an enriched mantle source which may residewithin the continental lithosphere. Clinopyroxenes and amphibolesin the ultramafic rocks are LREE depleted and have flat HREEpatterns with concentrations higher than those of abyssal peridotites.Clinopyroxenes in the harzburgites are less LREE depleted buthave lower HREE concentrations. The clinopyroxenes in the GaliciaBank (GB) lherzolites have radiogenic Nd (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd rangingfrom 0·512937 to 0·513402) and unradiogenic Sr(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ranging from 0·702100 to 0·702311)isotopic ratios similar to, or higher than, DMM (Depleted MORBMantle) whereas the clinopyroxenes in the Iberia Abyssal Plainwebsterites have low-Nd isotopic compositions (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd rangingfrom 0·512283 to 0·512553) with high-Sr isotopicratios (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ranging from 0·704170 to 0·705919).Amphiboles in Galicia Bank lherzolites and diorites have Nd–Srisotopic compositions (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd from 0·512804 to 0·512938and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr from 0·703243 to 0·703887) intermediatebetween those of the clinopyroxenes from the Galicia Bank andthe Iberia Abyssal Plain, but similar to the clinopyroxenesin the 5100 Hill harzburgite (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd = 0·512865and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0·703591) and to the igneous rocks (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Ndranging from 0·512729 to 0·513121 and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Srranging from 0·702255 to 0·705109). The majorand trace element compositions of cpx in the Galicia Bank spinellherzolites provide evidence for large-scale refertilizationof the lithospheric upper mantle by MORB-like tholeiitic melts.The associated harzburgites did not undergo partial meltingduring the rifting stage, but, in earlier times, probably during,or even before, the Hercynian orogeny. Iberia Abyssal Plainwebsterites are interpreted as high-pressure cumulates formedin the mantle. Their high Sm/Nd ratios (from 0·43 to0·67) coupled with very low-Nd isotopic compositionsare best explained by a two-stage history: formation of thecumulates from the percolation of enriched melts long beforethe rifting, followed by low-degree partial melting of the pyroxenites,accounting for their LREE depletion. This last event probablyoccurs during the rifting episode, 122 Myr ago. The isotopicheterogeneities observed in the ultramafic rocks of the Iberiamargin were already present at the time of the rifting event.They reflect a long and complex history of depletion and enrichmentevents in an old part of the mantle, and provide strong argumentsfor a sub-continental origin of this part of the upper mantle. KEY WORDS: Iberia margin; mantle peridotites; igneous rocks; petrology; geochemistry  相似文献   

Strain localisation in the subcontinental mantle — a ductile alternative to the brittle mantle     

J. Precigout  F. Gueydan  D. Gapais  C.J. Garrido  A. Essaifi 《Tectonophysics》2007,445(3-4):318-336

It is now admitted that the high strength of the subcontinental uppermost mantle controls the first order strength of the lithosphere. An incipient narrow continental rift therefore requires an important weakening in the subcontinental mantle to promote lithosphere-scale strain localisation and subsequent continental break-up. Based on the classical rheological layering of the continental lithosphere, the origin of a lithospheric mantle shear/fault zone has been attributed to the existence of a brittle uppermost mantle. However, the lack of mantle earthquakes and the absence of field occurrences in the mantle fault zone led to the idea of a ductile-related weakening mechanism, instead of brittle-related, for the incipient mantle strain localisation. In order to provide evidence for this mechanism, we investigated the microstructures and lattice preferred orientations of mantle rocks in a kilometre-scale ductile strain gradient in the Ronda Peridotites (Betics cordillera, Spain). Two main features were shown: 1) grain size reduction by dynamic recrystallisation is found to be the only relevant weakening mechanism responsible for strain localisation and 2), with increasing strain, grain size reduction is coeval with both the scattering of orthopyroxene neoblasts and the decrease of the olivine fabric strength (LPO). These features allow us to propose that grain boundary sliding (GBS) partly accommodates dynamic recrystallisation and subsequent grain size reduction.A new GBS-related experimental deformation mechanism, called dry-GBS creep, has been shown to accommodate grain size reduction during dynamic recrystallisation and to induce significant weakening at low temperatures (T < 800 °C). The present microstructural study demonstrates the occurrence of the grain size sensitive dry-GBS creep in natural continental peridotites and allows us to propose a new rheological model for the subcontinental mantle. During dynamic recrystallisation, the accommodation of grain size reduction by three competing deformation mechanisms, i.e., dislocation, diffusion and dry-GBS creeps, involves a grain size reduction controlled by the sole dislocation creep at high temperatures (> 800 °C), whereas dislocation creep and dry-GBS creep, are the accommodating mechanisms at low temperatures (< 800 °C). Consequently, weakening is very limited if the grain size reduction occurs at temperatures higher than 800 °C, whereas a large weakening is expected in lower temperatures. This large weakening related to GBS creep would occur at depths lower than 60 km and therefore provides an explanation for ductile strain localisation in the uppermost continental mantle, thus providing an alternative to the brittle mantle.  相似文献   

Ultra-calcic Magmas Generated from Ca-depleted Mantle: an Experimental Study on the Origin of Ankaramites   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

SCHMIDT  MAX W.; GREEN  DAVID H.; HIBBERSON  WILLIAM O. 《Journal of Petrology》2004,45(3):531-554

Ultra-calcic ankaramitic magmas or melt inclusions are ubiquitousin arc, ocean-island and mid-ocean ridge settings. They areprimitive in character (X_Mg > 0·65) and have highCaO contents (>14 wt %) and CaO/Al₂O₃ (>1·1). Experimentson an ankaramite from Epi, Vanuatu arc, demonstrate that itsliquidus surface has only clinopyroxene at pressures of 15 and20 kbar, with X_CO2 in the volatile component from 0 to 0·86.The parental Epi ankaramite is thus not an unfractionated magma.However, forcing the ankaramite experimentally into saturationwith olivine, orthopyroxene and spinel results in more magnesian,ultra-calcic melts with CaO/Al₂O₃ of 1·21–1·58.The experimental melts are not extremely Ca-rich but high inCaO/Al₂O₃ and in MgO (up to 18.5 wt %), and would evolve tohigh-CaO melts through olivine fractionation. Fractionationmodels show that the Epi parent magma can be derived from suchultra-calcic experimental melts through mainly olivine fractionation.We show that the experimental ultra-calcic melts could formthrough low-degree melting of somewhat refractory mantle. Thelatter would have been depleted by previous melt extraction,which increases the CaO/Al₂O₃ in the residue as long as someclinopyroxene remains residual. This finding corrects the commonassumption that ultra-calcic magmas must come from a Ca-richpyroxenite-type source. The temperatures necessary for the generationof ultra-calcic magmas are  相似文献   

Formation of diapiric structure in the deformation zone,central Indian Ocean: A model from gravity and seismic reflection data     

K. S. Krishna  D. Gopala Rao  Yu. P. Neprochnov 《Journal of Earth System Science》2002,111(1):17-28

Analyses of bathymetry, gravity and seismic reflection data of the diffusive plate boundary in the central Indian Ocean reveal a new kind of deformed structure besides the well-reported structures of long-wavelength anticlinal basement rises and high-angle reverse faults. The structure (basement trough) has a length of about 150 km and deepens by up to 1 km from its regional trend (northward dipping). The basement trough includes a rise at its center with a height of about 1.5km. The rise is about 10 km wide with rounded upper surface and bounded by vertical faults. A broad freeair gravity low of about 20 mGal and a local high of 8 mGal in its center are associated with the identified basement trough and rise structure respectively. Seismic results reveal that the horizontal crustal compression prevailing in the diffusive plate boundary might have formed the basement trough possibly in early Pliocene time. Differential loading stresses have been generated from unequal crust/sediment thickness on lower crustal and upper mantle rocks. A thin semi-ductile serpentinite layer existing near the base of the crust that is interpreted to have been formed at mid-ocean ridge and become part of the lithosphere, may have responded to the downward loading stresses generated by the sediments and crustal rocks to inject the serpentinites into the overlying strata to form a classic diapiric structure.  相似文献